{"id":40997,"date":"2024-08-27T07:46:22","date_gmt":"2024-08-27T05:46:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.naturalscience.org\/?p=40997"},"modified":"2024-08-27T07:46:22","modified_gmt":"2024-08-27T05:46:22","slug":"tres-cool-les-plantes-reduisent-la-chaleur-urbaine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.naturalscience.org\/fr\/news\/2024\/08\/tres-cool-les-plantes-reduisent-la-chaleur-urbaine\/","title":{"rendered":"Tr\u00e8s cool\u00a0: les plantes r\u00e9duisent la chaleur urbaine"},"content":{"rendered":"

Aujourd’hui, environ 4,5 milliards de personnes dans le monde vivent dans des villes, et 70 % de la population mondiale devrait \u00eatre urbaine d\u2019ici 2050. Mais comme actuellement \u00e0 Zurich (32 \u00b0C), Ath\u00e8nes (37 \u00b0C), Madrid (38 \u00b0C) ou Antalya (39 \u00b0C), il peut faire tr\u00e8s chaud dans la ville en \u00e9t\u00e9. En moyenne, la temp\u00e9rature dans les villes est sup\u00e9rieure d\u2019au moins 2 \u00b0C \u00e0 celle des r\u00e9gions environnantes et peut m\u00eame atteindre 20 \u00b0C de plus dans des situations extr\u00eames. Ceci parce que le b\u00e9ton, le verre et la pierre des b\u00e2timents et des rues sont tr\u00e8s fortement chauff\u00e9s, du fait de leur exposition au soleil, et que les grands b\u00e2timents emp\u00eachent souvent l\u2019arriv\u00e9e n\u00e9cessaire d\u2019air froid.<\/p>\n

\"\"Depuis quelques ann\u00e9es, on commence \u00e0 comprendre que davantage de verdure dans la ville peut r\u00e9duire la chaleur souvent insupportable. La ville colombienne de Medell\u00edn est pionni\u00e8re en mati\u00e8re de r\u00e9duction de la chaleur gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la v\u00e9g\u00e9tation urbaine. En 2016 d\u00e9j\u00e0, le conseil municipal de Medell\u00edn avait d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de contrer l\u2019effet thermique en construisant 30 couloirs verts le long de 18 routes et 12 ruisseaux. En outre, des fa\u00e7ades vertes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 am\u00e9nag\u00e9es sur les b\u00e2timents publics et plus de 100 nouveaux parcs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9s. D\u2019ici 2021, pr\u00e8s de 880 000 arbres et 2,5 millions de petites plantes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en place \u00e0 Medell\u00edn.<\/p>\n

Le r\u00e9sultat est clairement perceptible. Ces 30 corridors verts forment aujourd’hui un r\u00e9seau de 20 kilom\u00e8tres de chemins ombrag\u00e9s reli\u00e9s entre eux. La temp\u00e9rature a baiss\u00e9 de 4,5 \u00b0C dans les corridors verts. L’ensemble de la ville s’est refroidi de 2 \u00b0C. En outre, les nombreuses plantes ont r\u00e9duit la pollution de l’air, car elles filtrent les particules fines. Il est donc pr\u00e9vu de planter encore plus d’arbres dans les ann\u00e9es \u00e0 venir, ce qui devrait permettre de r\u00e9duire la temp\u00e9rature de quatre \u00e0 cinq degr\u00e9s suppl\u00e9mentaires.<\/p>\n

TLe refroidissement de l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re par les arbres et la v\u00e9g\u00e9tation est d\u00fb \u00e0 l’\u00e9vaporation de l’eau par les feuilles des plantes. Pour passer de l\u2019\u00e9tat liquide \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tat gazeux, l\u2019eau a besoin d\u2019\u00e9nergie sous forme de chaleur qu\u2019elle retire de l\u2019air ambiant. Le r\u00e9sultat : l\u2019air se refroidit, ce qui \u00e9vite d\u2019utiliser de l\u2019eau, car plus il y a d\u2019\u00e9vaporation d\u2019eau, plus il y a de pluie. L\u2019eau est ainsi recycl\u00e9e et reste dans la r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n

Comme l\u2019a montr\u00e9 une \u00e9tude publi\u00e9e en 2021 dans la revue sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e \u00ab Nature Communications \u00bb de l\u2019EPF (\u00c9cole polytechnique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale) de Zurich, les arbres en particulier sont de pr\u00e9cieux \u00ab climatiseurs \u00bb naturels. Les r\u00e9sultats de l\u2019\u00e9tude, r\u00e9alis\u00e9e dans 293 villes europ\u00e9ennes, montrent que les temp\u00e9ratures sont nettement plus basses dans les zones urbaines arbor\u00e9es. \u00c0 Vienne, par exemple, les zones arbor\u00e9es \u00e9taient en moyenne 11 \u00b0C plus fra\u00eeches en \u00e9t\u00e9 que les surfaces b\u00e2ties, alors que les espaces verts sans arbres \u00e9taient seulement 5,5 \u00b0C moins chauds<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

De nombreuses autres villes ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 suivi l\u2019exemple de Medell\u00edn. Bogot\u00e1 et Barranquilla, \u00e9galement en Colombie, ont lanc\u00e9 des projets similaires. Avec 22,6 millions d\u2019habitants, S\u00e3o Paulo au Br\u00e9sil est la plus grande ville d\u2019Am\u00e9rique du Sud et poss\u00e8de \u00e9galement un corridor vert. Barcelone, en Espagne, d\u00e9veloppe \u00e9galement ses infrastructures vertes depuis 2020. La ville de Melbourne en Australie construit cinq nouveaux parcs r\u00e9gionaux et quatre nouvelles r\u00e9serves naturelles, ce qui va plus que tripler le nombre d\u2019espaces verts. La m\u00e9tropole asiatique de Singapour, qui s\u2019est fait un nom en tant que pionni\u00e8re de la v\u00e9g\u00e9talisation des fa\u00e7ades, rafra\u00eechit la ville avec huit \u00ab Nature Ways \u00bb, qui visent principalement \u00e0 accro\u00eetre la biodiversit\u00e9 et qui ont actuellement une longueur totale de 43,3 km. D\u2019ici 2030, ces chemins naturels devraient atteindre une longueur de 180 km.<\/p>\n

D’ailleurs, r\u00e9duire la hausse des temp\u00e9ratures en plantant plus d’arbres et de v\u00e9g\u00e9tation ne fonctionne pas seulement dans les villes mais aussi \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale, comme vous pouvez le lire dans cet article<\/a>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Quellen:
\nhttps:\/\/www.seforall.org\/system\/files\/2021-05\/Chilling-Prospects-21-SEforALL.pdf<\/a>
\nhttps:\/\/goodnews-magazin.de\/medellin-pflanzt-hunderttausende-baume\/#:~:text=Auch%20124%20Parks%20der%20Stadt,als%202%20Grad%20Celsius%20gesenkt<\/a>
\nhttps:\/\/www.20min.ch\/story\/klimaresistenz-gruene-korridore-gegen-die-hitze-lernt-zuerich-von-medellin-103157138<\/a>
\nhttps:\/\/probaum.online\/artikel\/forscher-stadtbaeume-kuehlen-mehr-als-gruenflaechen-013096<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/ajuntament.barcelona.cat\/ecologiaurbana\/sites\/default\/files\/Barcelona%20green%20infrastructure%20and%20biodiversity%20plan%202020.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Aujourd’hui, environ 4,5 milliards de personnes dans le monde vivent dans des villes, et 70 % de la population mondiale devrait \u00eatre urbaine d\u2019ici 2050. Mais comme actuellement \u00e0 Zurich (32 \u00b0C), Ath\u00e8nes (37 \u00b0C), Madrid (38 \u00b0C) ou Antalya (39 \u00b0C), il peut faire tr\u00e8s chaud dans la ville en \u00e9t\u00e9. En moyenne, la temp\u00e9rature dans les villes est sup\u00e9rieure […]","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[214],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-40997","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-forets","wpautop"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nTr\u00e8s cool\u00a0: les plantes r\u00e9duisent la chaleur urbaine - The World Foundation for Natural Science<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.naturalscience.org\/fr\/news\/2024\/08\/tres-cool-les-plantes-reduisent-la-chaleur-urbaine\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Monika Waldmann\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.naturalscience.org\\\/fr\\\/news\\\/2024\\\/08\\\/tres-cool-les-plantes-reduisent-la-chaleur-urbaine\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.naturalscience.org\\\/fr\\\/news\\\/2024\\\/08\\\/tres-cool-les-plantes-reduisent-la-chaleur-urbaine\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Monika Waldmann\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.naturalscience.org\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/f3e16bb7057b29f8593016bf70a42022\"},\"headline\":\"Tr\u00e8s cool\u00a0: les plantes r\u00e9duisent la chaleur urbaine\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-08-27T05:46:22+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.naturalscience.org\\\/fr\\\/news\\\/2024\\\/08\\\/tres-cool-les-plantes-reduisent-la-chaleur-urbaine\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":809,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.naturalscience.org\\\/fr\\\/news\\\/2024\\\/08\\\/tres-cool-les-plantes-reduisent-la-chaleur-urbaine\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.naturalscience.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/08\\\/AdobeStock_532861111_cut-300x169.jpeg\",\"articleSection\":[\"For\u00eats\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.naturalscience.org\\\/fr\\\/news\\\/2024\\\/08\\\/tres-cool-les-plantes-reduisent-la-chaleur-urbaine\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.naturalscience.org\\\/fr\\\/news\\\/2024\\\/08\\\/tres-cool-les-plantes-reduisent-la-chaleur-urbaine\\\/\",\"name\":\"Tr\u00e8s cool\u00a0: les plantes r\u00e9duisent la chaleur urbaine - 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