{"id":32880,"date":"2020-04-22T18:38:37","date_gmt":"2020-04-22T16:38:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.naturalscience.org\/?p=32880"},"modified":"2021-11-09T14:54:37","modified_gmt":"2021-11-09T13:54:37","slug":"antibiotiques-vegetaux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.naturalscience.org\/fr\/news\/2020\/04\/antibiotiques-vegetaux\/","title":{"rendered":"Antibiotiques v\u00e9g\u00e9taux"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Les plantes se prot\u00e8gent contre divers ennemis (bact\u00e9ries, champignons, virus, herbivores) gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des substances secondaires et utilisent toute une s\u00e9rie de substances actives, par exemple les huiles de moutarde, l\u2019allicine, les irido\u00efdes, les terp\u00e8nes ou les polyph\u00e9nols. Les plantes ont ainsi un effet antibact\u00e9rien, antifongique, antiviral et anti-inflammatoire&nbsp;: elles sont un antibiotique naturel.<\/p>\n<p>Ces <strong>composants antibiotiques <\/strong>comprennent&nbsp;:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>les huiles essentielles (par exemple dans le thym, la sauge, la camomille)<\/li>\n<li>l\u2019allicine, les compos\u00e9s sulfur\u00e9s (par exemple dans l\u2019ail, l\u2019oignon, l\u2019ail des ours)<\/li>\n<li>l\u2019aucubine (par exemple dans le plantain lanc\u00e9ol\u00e9)<\/li>\n<li>les agents de tannage (par exemple dans la tormentille et la sauge)<\/li>\n<li>l\u2019hyperforine (dans le millepertuis)<\/li>\n<li>les huiles de moutarde (dans la capucine, le raifort, le cresson)<\/li>\n<li>les saponines (par exemple dans le lierre)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ces antibiotiques naturels, \u00e9galement appel\u00e9s phytobiotiques, inhibent la croissance des micro-organismes (antibiose) et ne provoquent pas de r\u00e9sistance. Par ailleurs, ils ne nuisent pas \u00e0 la colonisation naturelle de la muqueuse intestinale par les germes et ils sont presque sans effets secondaires.<\/p>\n<p>Les antibiotiques \u00e0 base de plantes ont donc pour principaux avantages&nbsp;:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ils sont efficaces contre un large \u00e9ventail de pathog\u00e8nes et renforcent en m\u00eame temps le syst\u00e8me immunitaire,<\/li>\n<li>ils agissent simultan\u00e9ment contre les virus et les champignons,<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>ils n\u2019endommagent pas la flore intestinale.<\/p>\n<p>Les phytobiotiques sont connus depuis longtemps. D\u00e9j\u00e0 dans l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9, les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s antibact\u00e9riennes des poireaux \u00e9taient connues en Orient. Les plants de poireaux et d\u2019huile de moutarde comme le cresson, la capucine et le raifort contiennent de forts&nbsp;\u00ab&nbsp;glycosides d\u2019huile de moutarde&nbsp;\u00bb antibact\u00e9riens. Ses compos\u00e9s sulfur\u00e9s sont \u00e9limin\u00e9s de l\u2019organisme par les voies respiratoires et les voies urinaires, et ils d\u00e9veloppent des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s antibact\u00e9riennes pendant des heures. Ils peuvent entre autres r\u00e9duire le risque de surinfection.<\/p>\n<p>Au Moyen \u00c2ge, on assainissait les pi\u00e8ces en les enfumant avec du geni\u00e8vre, du thym, de l\u2019ang\u00e9lique et de la lavande. On savait d\u00e9j\u00e0 que les vapeurs des huiles essentielles ont un effet antiseptique. Pratiquement toutes les plantes contenant des huiles essentielles (en particulier les conif\u00e8res), mais aussi les \u00e9pices telles que l\u2019anis, le clou de girofle, le gingembre, le curcuma, le poivre, le thym et la cannelle, ont un tel effet germicide et d\u00e9sinfectant sur les voies respiratoires. Comme antibiotiques dans la cuisine, l\u2019ail et l\u2019ail des ours sont incontest\u00e9s pour leurs propri\u00e9t\u00e9s antiseptiques. Le&nbsp;\u00ab&nbsp;cur\u00e9-herboriste&nbsp;\u00bb suisse Johann K\u00fcnzle (1857-1945) a \u00e9crit&nbsp;:&nbsp;\u00ab&nbsp;Lorsque la typho\u00efde, le chol\u00e9ra ou d\u2019autres \u00e9pid\u00e9mies s\u00e9vissent, l\u2019ail doit \u00eatre consomm\u00e9 quotidiennement.&nbsp;\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>La sauge est \u00e9galement l\u2019une de ces plantes que nous pouvons utiliser de diverses mani\u00e8res pour promouvoir notre sant\u00e9. Vous en apprendrez davantage sur cette plante m\u00e9dicinale dans <a href=\"https:\/\/www.naturalscience.org\/fr\/news\/2020\/04\/la-sauge-on-dit-que-cette-plante-donne-la-vie-eternelle\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">notre prochain article<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Les plantes se prot\u00e8gent contre divers ennemis (bact\u00e9ries, champignons, virus, herbivores) gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des substances secondaires et utilisent toute une s\u00e9rie de substances actives, par exemple les huiles de moutarde, l\u2019allicine, les irido\u00efdes, les terp\u00e8nes ou les polyph\u00e9nols. Les plantes ont ainsi un effet antibact\u00e9rien, antifongique, antiviral et anti-inflammatoire&nbsp;: elles sont un antibiotique naturel. Ces [&hellip;]","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[517,204],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32880","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-coronavirus","category-sante","wpautop"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Antibiotiques v\u00e9g\u00e9taux - The World Foundation for Natural Science<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.naturalscience.org\/fr\/news\/2020\/04\/antibiotiques-vegetaux\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Monika Waldmann\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.naturalscience.org\\\/fr\\\/news\\\/2020\\\/04\\\/antibiotiques-vegetaux\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.naturalscience.org\\\/fr\\\/news\\\/2020\\\/04\\\/antibiotiques-vegetaux\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Monika Waldmann\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.naturalscience.org\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/f3e16bb7057b29f8593016bf70a42022\"},\"headline\":\"Antibiotiques v\u00e9g\u00e9taux\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-04-22T16:38:37+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-11-09T13:54:37+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.naturalscience.org\\\/fr\\\/news\\\/2020\\\/04\\\/antibiotiques-vegetaux\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":499,\"articleSection\":[\"Coronavirus\",\"Sant\u00e9\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.naturalscience.org\\\/fr\\\/news\\\/2020\\\/04\\\/antibiotiques-vegetaux\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.naturalscience.org\\\/fr\\\/news\\\/2020\\\/04\\\/antibiotiques-vegetaux\\\/\",\"name\":\"Antibiotiques v\u00e9g\u00e9taux - 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