{"id":34241,"date":"2020-12-21T15:52:36","date_gmt":"2020-12-21T14:52:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.naturalscience.org\/?p=34241"},"modified":"2021-11-09T11:49:46","modified_gmt":"2021-11-09T10:49:46","slug":"los-riesgos-de-los-tapabocas-o-mascarillas-para-la-salud","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.naturalscience.org\/es\/news\/2020\/12\/los-riesgos-de-los-tapabocas-o-mascarillas-para-la-salud\/","title":{"rendered":"Los Riesgos de los Tapabocas o Mascarillas para la Salud"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Muchos pa\u00edses han convertido en ley que en ciertos entornos, tales como el transporte p\u00fablico, las personas deben usar tapabocas para protegerse contra el nuevo coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2.&nbsp;\u00bfCu\u00e1n ben\u00e9fico es esto para protegerte?&nbsp;\u00bfExisten riesgos para la salud al hacerlo?<\/p>\n<p>En un estudio financiado por la Organizaci\u00f3n Mundial de la Salud (OMS) publicado en <em>The Lancet<\/em><span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">1)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">D. Chu et al. (2020) Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis, The Lancet, VOLUME 395, ISSUE 10242, P1973-1987, JUNE 27, 2020, DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31142-9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31142-9<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>, se hall\u00f3 poca certeza en cuanto a si los tapabocas protegen contra la propagaci\u00f3n del coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. El art\u00edculo afirma que usar un tapabocas quir\u00fargico de alto grado (tal como el R95) podr\u00eda resultar en la reducci\u00f3n del riesgo de infecci\u00f3n. El uso de tapabocas en la cl\u00ednica es decir en los entornos cl\u00ednicos es una pr\u00e1ctica normal para el personal m\u00e9dico que realiza procedimientos, tales como odont\u00f3logos, enfermeros dentales y en los hospitales tales como en los quir\u00f3fanos. O en las cirug\u00edas de los m\u00e9dicos donde se realiza un procedimiento m\u00e9dico tal como una cirug\u00eda menor. Los profesionales m\u00e9dicos usan tapabocas en estos entornos para evitar ingerir salpicaduras de la sangre del paciente.<\/p>\n<p>La OMS, en su recomendaci\u00f3n sobre el uso de tapabocas para el COVID-19 <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">2)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">World Health Organisation (5 June 2020), Advice on the use of masks in the context of COVID-19,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/advice-on-the-use-of-masks-in-the-community-during-home-care-and-in-healthcare-settings-in-the-context-of-the-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)-outbreak\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/advice-on-the-use-of-masks-in-the-community-during-home-care-and-in-healthcare-settings-in-the-context-of-the-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)-outbreak<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>, afirma para el p\u00fablico en general en entornos comunitarios:<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>\u201cEn la actualidad, no existe ninguna prueba directa (de estudios sobre el COVID-19 y en las personas sanas de la comunidad) sobre la efectividad del uso universal del tapabocas por las personas sanas en la comunidad para prevenir la infecci\u00f3n con virus respiratorios, incluyendo el COVID-19.\u201d<\/strong><\/em> &nbsp;<sup>[Ref. 2, p6]<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u00bfEntonces por qu\u00e9 nos indican usar el tapabocas? Una raz\u00f3n es que existen unas pruebas d\u00e9biles de que alguien con s\u00edntomas de gripe (en efecto tosiendo y estornudando) pero que usa un tapabocas quir\u00fargico es menos probable que difunda la gripe. En los pa\u00edses asi\u00e1ticos, \u00e9ste es un punto de vista com\u00fan.<\/p>\n<p>En la naciones donde la gente es animada a hacer sus propios tapabocas, no existen pruebas de que \u00e9ste proteja en absoluto<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">3)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">World Health Organisation (5 June 2020), Advice on the use of masks in the context of COVID-19, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/advice-on-the-use-of-masks-in-the-community-during-home-care-and-in-healthcare-settings-in-the-context-of-the-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)-outbreak\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/advice-on-the-use-of-masks-in-the-community-during-home-care-and-in-healthcare-settings-in-the-context-of-the-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)-outbreak<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>. <strong>Son s\u00f3lo los tapabocas quir\u00fargicos de alto grado los que ofrecen alguna protecci\u00f3n y s\u00f3lo por un corto lapso. De hecho, usar un tapabocas durante largo tiempo incrementa el riesgo de una infecci\u00f3n viral<\/strong> debido al parche c\u00e1lido y h\u00famedo frente a la boca y la nariz.&nbsp;\u00a1\u00c9ste es el caldo de cultivo ideal para los microorganismos tales como los virus!<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cPara una persona promedio caminar por la calle, usando un tapabocas no es buena idea,\u201d La subdirectora m\u00e9dica del RU, Julie Harries, debido a que el tapabocas \u201cpodr\u00eda atrapar el virus dentro del tapabocas y ser inhalado.\u201d <\/em><span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">4)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><em>The Independent<\/em>, Coronavirus: Face masks could increase risk of infection, medical chief warns, 12 March 2020 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/health\/coronavirus-news-face-masks-increase-risk-infection-doctor-jenny-harries-a9396811.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/health\/coronavirus-news-face-masks-increase-risk-infection-doctor-jenny-harries-a9396811.html<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>Un ensayo de control aleatorio dirigido en Dinamarca con 6.000 participantes realizado en abril y mayo del 2020 hall\u00f3 que <strong>no hubo diferencias significativas entre las personas que usan tapabocas y aquellos que no lo usan para contraer el SARS-CoV-2<\/strong>, con 1.8% de aquellos que usan tapabocas dando positivo a (pruebas PCR) contra 2.1% . La conclusi\u00f3n del estudio fue que el uso del tapabocas no ayuda a reducir el riesgo de contraer el virus SARS-CoV-2.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_5');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_5');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">5)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_5\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Bundgaard H. et al. (18 Nov 2020), Effectiveness of Adding a Mask Recommendation to Other Public Health Measures to Prevent SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Danish Mask Wearers, <em>Annals of Internal Medicine<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M20-6817\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M20-6817<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> <strong>Esta conclusi\u00f3n apoya los hallazgos de que el tapabocas no protege a las personas de los virus respiratorios en general<\/strong><span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_6');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_6');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">6)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_6\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Jefferson, T., Jones, M., Al Ansari, L.A., Bawazeer, G., Beller, E., Clark, et al., 2020. Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses. Part 1 &#8211; Face masks, eye protection and person distancing: systematic review and meta-analysis. MedRxiv. [preprint]. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.03.30.20047217v2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.03.30.20047217v2<\/span><\/a>, accessed 4 June 2020<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_6').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_6', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>.<\/p>\n<p>La Organizaci\u00f3n Mundial de la Salud<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_7');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_7');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">7)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_7\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">World Health Organisation (5 June 2020), Advice on the use of masks in the context of COVID-19, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/advice-on-the-use-of-masks-in-the-community-during-home-care-and-in-healthcare-settings-in-the-context-of-the-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)-outbreak\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/advice-on-the-use-of-masks-in-the-community-during-home-care-and-in-healthcare-settings-in-the-context-of-the-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)-outbreak<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_7').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_7', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><sup>&nbsp;<\/sup>afirma que un beneficio clave de usar un tapabocas, aparte de hacer sentir a la gente que son parte de la soluci\u00f3n al no propagar el coronavirus, es:<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cRecordarle a las personas que deben cumplir otras medidas (ej. lavado de las manos, no tocarse la nariz ni la boca)\u201d<\/em> <sup>[ref. 2, p8]<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bfEs \u00e9ste el meollo de todo: la gente est\u00e1 siendo entrenada para cumplir con las declaraciones de la OMS y de su gobierno \u2013 tales como, la campa\u00f1a medi\u00e1tica en curso que s\u00f3lo una vacuna detendr\u00e1 la pandemia y que la vacunaci\u00f3n obligatoria es el \u00fanico camino para garantizar esto? <a href=\"https:\/\/www.naturalscience.org\/es\/news\/2020\/06\/son-las-vacunas-realmente-la-unica-manera-de-proteger-a-la-humanidad-de-las-pandemias\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u00a1Las vacunaciones no son la soluci\u00f3n para las epidemias!<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Seg\u00fan la OMS, los inconvenientes de usar tapabocas para las personas saludables en p\u00fablico en general incluyen:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: circle;\">\n<li>\u201cpotencial <strong>riesgo incrementado de auto-contaminaci\u00f3n<\/strong> debido a la manipulaci\u00f3n del tapabocas y el posterior contacto de los ojos con las manos contaminadas; <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_8');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_8');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">8)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_8\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Zamora JE, Murdoch J, Simchison B, Day AG. Contamination: a comparison of 2 personal protective systems. CMAJ. 2006;175(3):249-54.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_8').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_8', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_9');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_9');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">9)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_9\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Kwon JH, Burnham CD, Reske KA, Liang SY, Hink T, Wallace MA, et al. Assessment of Healthcare Worker Protocol Deviations and Self-Contamination During Personal Protective Equipment Donning and Doffing. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2017;38(9):1077-83.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_9').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_9', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/li>\n<li>potencial auto-contaminaci\u00f3n que puede ocurrir si no se cambian los tapabocas no cl\u00ednicos cuando est\u00e1n mojados o sucios.<strong> Esto puede crear condiciones favorables para que los microorganismos se desarrollen;<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>potencial <strong>dolor de cabeza<\/strong> y\/o <strong>dificultades respiratorias<\/strong>, dependiendo del tipo de tapabocas usado;<\/li>\n<li>&nbsp;potencial desarrollo de lesiones faciales de la piel, dermatitis irritativa o empeoramiento del acn\u00e9, cuando se usa con frecuencia durante largas horas;<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_10');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_10');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">10)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_10\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Al Badri F. Surgical mask contact dermatitis and epidemiology of contact dermatitis in healthcare workers. Current Allergy &amp; Clinical Immunology, 30,3: 183 &#8211; 188. 2017.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_10').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_10', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/li>\n<li><strong>dificultad de una comunicaci\u00f3n clara;<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>potencial <strong>incomodidad;<\/strong> <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_11');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_11');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">11)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_11\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Jefferson, T., Jones, M., Al Ansari, L.A., Bawazeer, G., Beller, E., Clark, et al., 2020. Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses. Part 1 &#8211; Face masks, eye protection and person distancing: systematic review and meta-analysis. MedRxiv. [preprint]. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.03.30.20047217v2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.03.30.20047217v2<\/span><\/a>, accessed 4 June 2020<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_11').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_11', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_12');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_12');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">12)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_12\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Matusiak L, Szepietowska M, Krajewski P, Bialynicki-Birula R, Szepietowski JC. Inconveniences due to the use of face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic: a survey study of 876 young people. <em>Dermatol Ther.<\/em> 2020.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_12').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_12', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/li>\n<li>una <strong>falsa sensaci\u00f3n de seguridad<\/strong>, que conduce a un potencial poco cumplimiento de otras medidas cr\u00edticas de prevenci\u00f3n tales como el distanciamiento f\u00edsico y el lavado de manos;<\/li>\n<li><strong>deficiente cumplimiento del uso del tapabocas<\/strong>, en particular por ni\u00f1os peque\u00f1os;<\/li>\n<li><strong>problemas de gesti\u00f3n de desechos<\/strong>; disposici\u00f3n inadecuada de tapabocas que conduce a un incremento de la basura en lugares p\u00fablicos, riesgo de contaminaci\u00f3n para los aseadores de las calles y peligro ambiental;<\/li>\n<li><strong>dificultad en la comunicaci\u00f3n de las personas sordas<\/strong> que dependen de la lectura de labios;<\/li>\n<li><strong>perjuicios o dificultades por el uso<\/strong>, especialmente para los ni\u00f1os, personas con problemas de desarrollo, con enfermedades mentales, ancianos con deterioro cognitivo, con asma o enfermedades respiratorias cr\u00f3nicas, problemas respiratorios, los que tienen un trauma facial o una cirug\u00eda oral maxilofacial reciente, y los que viven en entornos calientes y h\u00famedos,\u201d <sup>[2, p8] <\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><sup><br \/>\n<\/sup><strong>El \u00fanico beneficio potencial cl\u00ednico del uso del tapabocas por las personas saludables en p\u00fablico en general citado por la OMS es el<\/strong> <em>\u201criesgo de exposici\u00f3n potencial reducido proveniente de las personas infectadas antes de que desarrollen s\u00edntomas.\u201d <\/em><sup>[2, p7]<\/sup><em>.&nbsp;<\/em>Esta frase est\u00e1 redactada con mucho cuidado. Exposici\u00f3n potencial no significa exposici\u00f3n real.&nbsp;\u00bfC\u00f3mo sabes que alguien tiene SARS-CoV-2 antes de que desarrolle s\u00edntomas? La implicaci\u00f3n deliberada es que las personas deben usar siempre un tapabocas por el miedo de que su vecino en un tren, por ejemplo, tenga SARS-CoV-2, aunque \u00e9l o ella no est\u00e9 mostrando ning\u00fan s\u00edntoma en absoluto.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-34124 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturalscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/AdobeStock_330696585-300x200.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturalscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/AdobeStock_330696585-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturalscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/AdobeStock_330696585-1024x683.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturalscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/AdobeStock_330696585-768x512.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturalscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/AdobeStock_330696585-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/www.naturalscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/AdobeStock_330696585-2048x1365.jpeg 2048w, https:\/\/www.naturalscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/AdobeStock_330696585-164x109.jpeg 164w, https:\/\/www.naturalscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/AdobeStock_330696585-400x267.jpeg 400w, https:\/\/www.naturalscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/AdobeStock_330696585-500x333.jpeg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Las actuales pruebas documentadas de que las personas asintom\u00e1ticas (aquellas que no muestran s\u00edntomas) propagan el coronavirus son casi inexistentes.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Un estudio publicado en Respiratory Medicine<\/em><span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_13');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_13');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">13)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_13\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">M. Gao et al. 2020. A study on infectivity of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers, <em>Respir Med.<\/em> 2020 Aug; 169: 106026 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7219423\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7219423\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_13').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_13', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> de 455 portadores asintom\u00e1ticos de SARS-CoV-2 aislados durante 4-5 d\u00edas, se hall\u00f3 que hubo <strong>cero<\/strong> infectividad de los miembros de la familia o del cuerpo m\u00e9dico. El documento concluye en su an\u00e1lisis:<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cnosotros concluimos que la infectividad de algunos portadores asintom\u00e1ticos de SARS-CoV-2 podr\u00eda ser d\u00e9bil. Este hallazgo implica que no es necesario preocuparse indebidamente por los pacientes asintom\u00e1ticos o leves durante la pandemia en curso de COVID-19.\u201d <\/em><span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_14');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_14');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">14)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_14\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">M. Gao et al. 2020. A study on infectivity of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers, <em>Respir Med.<\/em> 2020 Aug; 169: 106026 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7219423\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7219423\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_14').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_14', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>Otro estudio hall\u00f3 un 10 por ciento de transmisi\u00f3n en los hogares pero los casos secundarios eran m\u00e1s leves que los primarios (por lo tanto, los transmisores no eran asintom\u00e1ticos) <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_15');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_15');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">15)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_15\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">L. Luo et al. (2020) Modes of contact and risk of transmission in COVID-19 among close contacts, <em>medRxiv<\/em>, doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.03.24.20042606\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.03.24.20042606<\/span><\/a> (preprint) <\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_15').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_15', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>. Un estudio en Corea del Sur informa de un cohorte de 97 personas infectadas, donde los seguimientos con \u2018rastreo y localizaci\u00f3n\u2019 de 17 familias no hall\u00f3 transmisi\u00f3n secundaria.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_16');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_16');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">16)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_16\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Park S, Kim Y, Yi S, Lee S, Na B, Kim C, et al. Coronavirus Disease Outbreak in Call Center, South Korea. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020;26(8):1666-1670. <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2608.201274\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2608.201274<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_16').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_16', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>. Un meta-an\u00e1lisis de cuatro estudios publicados hall\u00f3 que el \u00edndice de infecci\u00f3n de personas asintom\u00e1ticas fluctu\u00f3 entre 0 \u2013 2.2%. Los indices de transmisi\u00f3n de los sintom\u00e1ticos fluctuaron aproximadamente entre 1 -15% <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_17');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_17');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">17)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_17\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">O. Byambasuren et al. (2020) Estimating the extent of asymptomatic COVID-19 and its potential for community transmission: systematic review and meta-analysis, <em>medRxiv<\/em> doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.05.10.20097543\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.05.10.20097543<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_17').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_17', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>. \u00c9ste es un indicativo claro de que <strong>las personas que est\u00e1n saludables no muestran ning\u00fan signo externo de SARS-CoV-2 son en extremo improbables de que propaguen el virus. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Las implicaciones de usar tapabocas: <strong>s\u00f3lo si una persona tiene s\u00edntomas m\u00e1s que leves de SARS-CoV-2 las personas saludables deben usar un tapabocas<\/strong>. Aquellos que tienen comorbilidades conocidas tales como c\u00e1ncer, o enfermedades cr\u00f3nicas no en remisi\u00f3n deben usar un tapabocas cuando hay gente alrededor que muestran s\u00edntomas de SARS-CoV-2. Sin embargo, \u00e9ste no deber\u00eda ser un uso a largo plazo, porque la disminuci\u00f3n del ox\u00edgeno por usar tapabocas puede tener efectos negativos sobre el cuerpo.<\/p>\n<p>Como lo se\u00f1ala la OMS, el uso de un tapabocas puede causar dificultades respiratorias. \u00c9stas incluyen <strong>hipoxia, cuando el cuerpo est\u00e1 privado de un adecuado suministro de ox\u00edgeno. La falta de ox\u00edgeno puede conducir a c\u00e1ncer y a otras enfermedades cr\u00f3nicas<\/strong>. Si est\u00e1s sufriendo de alguna, entonces es vital obtener tanto ox\u00edgeno en tu sistema como sea posible <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_18');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_18');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">18)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_18\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Toru Abo, The Only Two Causes of All Diseases, Babel Corporation (8 April 2013) <\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_18').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_18', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>. Aquellos que tienen asma ser\u00edan en gran medida afectados por tener que usar un tapabocas<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_19');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_19');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">19)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_19\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Adebayo Folorunsho-Francis (17 May 2020), Wearing face masks exposes asthmatics to hypoxia \u2014 Physicians, <em>The Punch<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.msn.com\/en-xl\/news\/other\/wearing-face-masks-exposes-asthmatics-to-hypoxia-physicians\/ar-BB14bVrt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.msn.com\/en-xl\/news\/other\/wearing-face-masks-exposes-asthmatics-to-hypoxia-physicians\/ar-BB14bVrt<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_19').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_19', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>, como fue se\u00f1alado por la OMS. Tambi\u00e9n existe el <strong>riesgo de hipercapnia, donde hay exceso de di\u00f3xido de carbono en la sangre<\/strong>. Los tapabocas podr\u00edan hacer posible esto al atrapar el di\u00f3xido de carbono exhalado entre la cara y el tapabocas. La inhalaci\u00f3n podr\u00eda llevar a niveles elevados de CO2. Esto podr\u00eda resultar en somnolencia, mareos, fatiga, dolores de cabeza.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_20');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_20');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_20\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">20)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_20\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Matuschek C. et al (2020) Face masks: benefits and risks during the COVID-19 crisis, European Journal of Medical Research 25 (32), <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40001-020-00430-5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40001-020-00430-5<\/span><\/a>. The evidence on hypercapnia is weak especially since COVID-19, unless you suffer from a pulmonary problem such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Wearing a face mask with COPD can result in hypercapnia.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_20').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_20', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>El excesivo uso de tapabocas puede conducir a efectos colaterales de la salud. <strong>Existen pocas pruebas convincentes de que los tapabocas ofrezcan protecci\u00f3n significativa contra el SARS-CoV-2 excepto en las cercan\u00edas de alguien que muestra s\u00edntomas moderados o graves. Los tapabocas m\u00e9dicos de alto grado funcionar\u00edan en esta instancia, y s\u00f3lo durante un corto lapso.<\/strong> Los tapabocas hechos en casa no ofrecen ninguna protecci\u00f3n. Es equivalente a tratar de detener el paso de un grano de arena (mol\u00e9cula de SARS-CoV-2) a trav\u00e9s de una valla de alambre de un gallinero. (Tapabocas hecho en casa).<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-34125 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturalscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/AdobeStock_377345154-200x300.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturalscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/AdobeStock_377345154-200x300.jpeg 200w, https:\/\/www.naturalscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/AdobeStock_377345154-683x1024.jpeg 683w, https:\/\/www.naturalscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/AdobeStock_377345154-768x1152.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturalscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/AdobeStock_377345154-1024x1536.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturalscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/AdobeStock_377345154-1365x2048.jpeg 1365w, https:\/\/www.naturalscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/AdobeStock_377345154-109x164.jpeg 109w, https:\/\/www.naturalscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/AdobeStock_377345154-267x400.jpeg 267w, https:\/\/www.naturalscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/AdobeStock_377345154-333x500.jpeg 333w, https:\/\/www.naturalscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/AdobeStock_377345154-scaled.jpeg 1707w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>El efecto psicol\u00f3gico de usar tapabocas es negativo.<\/strong> Principalmente, los tapabocas han estado asociados, al menos en el mundo occidental, con actividades sospechosas. Nosotros consideramos que las personas con cara cubierta tienen algo que ocultar. Nuestra visi\u00f3n mundial de los tapabocas ha cambiado. <strong>Las fallas en la comunicaci\u00f3n<\/strong> son ahora m\u00e1s comunes. Las personas dependen de la comprensi\u00f3n de la expresi\u00f3n facial y lo que significa poder ver el rostro completo. Aquellos que necesitan leer los labios ya no sienten que pueden comunicarse con las personas. El <strong>Impacto sobre los ni\u00f1os ha sido impresionante. En muchos pa\u00edses<\/strong>, los ni\u00f1os han sido obligados ha usar tapabocas incluso mientras cantan o practican deportes en la escuela. <strong>Aunque todas las estad\u00edsticas demuestran que los ni\u00f1os son con creces el grupo menos propenso a contraer el COVID-19, a enfermarse por \u00e9ste o a morir.<\/strong> El uso de tapabocas en tales circunstancias es muy cruel. Ninguna evidencia cl\u00ednica respalda esta acci\u00f3n draconiana. Respirar a trav\u00e9s de un tapabocas puede sentirse como una labor dif\u00edcil. Esto es debido a que tenemos la tendencia a respirar a trav\u00e9s de una boca abierta y s\u00f3lo se involucran nuestros m\u00fasculos superiores del pecho. Esto es altamente ineficiente y puede causar ansiedad y estr\u00e9s<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_21');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_21');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_21\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">21)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_21\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Children\u2019s Minnesota, Breathing tips and mindfulness while wearing a mask <a href=\"https:\/\/www.childrensmn.org\/2020\/07\/15\/breathing-tips-while-wearing-mask\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.childrensmn.org\/2020\/07\/15\/breathing-tips-while-wearing-mask\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_21').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_21', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>. El respirar por la boca puede tener efectos adversos sobre el crecimiento facial de los ni\u00f1os, causar deformidades, problemas de sue\u00f1o, afectar el rendimiento acad\u00e9mico y causar problemas de comportamiento<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_22');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_22');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_22\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">22)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_22\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Jefferson, Y. (2010), Mouth breathing: adverse effects on facial growth, health, academics, and behaviour, Gen Dent, Jan-Feb 2010;58(1):18-25; quiz 26-7, 79-80.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_22').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_22', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>.<\/p>\n<p>En un estudio en idioma alem\u00e1n sobre el impacto psicol\u00f3gico del uso del tapabocas de 1.000 participantes, se hall\u00f3 que <strong>\u201caproximadamente el 60% de las personas que se sienten agobiadas en forma clara por las regulaciones ya experimentan fuertes consecuencias (psicosociales)<\/strong>, tales como una participaci\u00f3n fuertemente reducida en la vida social debido a los esfuerzos de evasi\u00f3n de la protecci\u00f3n buco-nasal causados por la aversi\u00f3n, el rechazo social, la reducci\u00f3n del autocuidado de la salud (hasta la evasi\u00f3n de las citas m\u00e9dicas) o el agravamiento de los problemas de salud preexistentes (trastornos de estr\u00e9s pos-traum\u00e1tico, herpes, migra\u00f1a), superaron todas las expectativas del examinador.\u201d Y que, \u201c el grado de estr\u00e9s sentido cuando se usa la protecci\u00f3n buco-nasal genera, en muchos casos, el grado de reacciones y secuelas del estr\u00e9s psicovegetativo mediante el aumento de la agresi\u00f3n interna, lo cual es muy importante para la salud (y, con agresi\u00f3n a la sociedad). (En otros) Debido a una experiencia personal y corporal deteriorada \u00e9sta tambi\u00e9n allana el camino hacia una <strong>experiencia personal depresiva indirecta<\/strong>.\u201d El autor del estudio tambi\u00e9n describe un estado psicol\u00f3gicamente degenerativo que implica \u201cque una gran proporci\u00f3n de los afectados est\u00e1n al menos en el umbral de la traumatizaci\u00f3n.\u201d <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_23');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_23');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_23\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">23)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_23\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Prousa, D. (2020). Study on psychological and psycho-vegetative complaints with the current mouth and nose protection regulations. PsychArchives. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23668\/PSYCHARCHIVES.3135\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23668\/PSYCHARCHIVES.3135<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_23').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_23', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>Este estudio respalda los hallazgos de la tesis de PhD de 1999, la cual encontr\u00f3 que, un <strong>tapabocas puede reducir en forma significativa la sensaci\u00f3n de identificaci\u00f3n de su portador<\/strong>, y tambi\u00e9n puede en forma importante reducir la autoconciencia p\u00fablica de su portador como consecuencia de cambios en el enfoque de atenci\u00f3n.\u201d Esto ocurri\u00f3 en forma particular en situaciones espec\u00edficas donde el portador \u201cquer\u00eda comportarse de una manera particular,\u201d<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_24');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_24');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_24\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">24)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_24\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">M. Cooper (1999), AN EMPIRICAL AND THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION INTO THE<br \/>\nPSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF WEARING A MASK, PhD Thesis, <a href=\"https:\/\/strathprints.strath.ac.uk\/43402\/1\/1999_PhD_thesis_public.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/strathprints.strath.ac.uk\/43402\/1\/1999_PhD_thesis_public.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_24').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_24', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>. Por ejemplo, el uso de un tapabocas puede reducir nuestra capacidad de comunicarnos y de \u2018interpretar\u2019 las emociones. En un estudio del 2020, \u201cLos participantes reconocieron emociones en forma menos precisa y confiaron a menudo menos en su propia evaluaci\u00f3n. Lo que particularmente es importante en este contexto es, que hubo t\u00edpicas interpretaciones err\u00f3neas de emociones individuales\u201d. Por ejemplo, los participantes calificaban claramente una expresi\u00f3n facial de disgusto con tapabocas como \u2018odio\u2019. Algunas emociones, tales como la felicidad, tristeza e ira, las calificaban como neutras. <strong>El estado emocional por lo tanto ya no fue percibido en absoluto<\/strong>.\u201d<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_25');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_25');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_25\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">25)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_25\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Carbon, C-C. (2020), Wearing face masks strongly confuses counterparts in reading emotions, PsyArXiv Preprints <a href=\"https:\/\/psyarxiv.com\/x3uh6\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/psyarxiv.com\/x3uh6\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_25').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_25', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> Los tapabocas est\u00e1n eliminando de nosotros lo que es ser humano.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Las pruebas para el uso del tapabocas son casi inexistentes. <\/strong>Un estudio del 2012 que realiz\u00f3 un meta-an\u00e1lisis de 17 estudios sobre el uso del tapabocas para protegerse de la influenza hall\u00f3 que, <strong>\u201cNinguno de los estudios estableci\u00f3 una relaci\u00f3n concluyente entre el uso del tapabocas\/respirador y la protecci\u00f3n contra la infecci\u00f3n de influenza.\u201d <\/strong><span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_26');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_26');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_26\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">26)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_26\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">bin-Reza et al, (2012), The use of masks and respirators to prevent transmission of influenza: a systematic review of the scientific evidence, Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2012 Jul; 6(4): 257\u2013267, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5779801\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5779801\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_26').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_26', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> Como lo afirm\u00f3 la renombrada revista m\u00e9dica JAMA,<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u201cLos tapabocas deben ser usados s\u00f3lo por personas que tengan s\u00edntomas de infecci\u00f3n respiratoria tales como tos, estornudos, o, en algunos casos, fiebre.<\/strong> Los tapabocas tambi\u00e9n deben ser usados por los trabajadores de la salud, por las personas que se encargan de o est\u00e1n en estrecho contacto con personas que tienen infecciones respiratorias, o de otra manera, seg\u00fan las indicaciones de un m\u00e9dico. <strong>Los tapabocas no deben ser usados por personas saludables para protegerse de adquirir infecciones respiratorias debido a que no existen pruebas que sugieran que los tapabocas usados por personas saludables sean efectivos para evitar que las personas se enfermen.\u201d <\/strong><span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_27');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_27');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_27\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">27)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_27\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Desai, A, and Mehrotra, P. (2020), Medical Masks, JAMA. 2020;323(15):1517-1518. doi:10.1001\/jama.2020.2331,<a href=\"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/fullarticle\/2762694\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/fullarticle\/2762694<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_27').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_27', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>La OMS y los gobiernos a\u00fan promueven el uso de tapabocas y algunos pa\u00edses han tipificado como delito el no usarlo.<strong> Sin embargo, la misma Organizaci\u00f3n Mundial de la Salud afirma como una raz\u00f3n principal del por qu\u00e9 los tapabocas deben usarse es para \u201crecordarle a la gente que cumpla con otras medidas.\u201d Las pruebas cl\u00ednicas no respaldan el uso del tapabocas en espacios cerrados como tiendas o el transporte p\u00fablico, ni que las personas saludables usen tapabocas en cualquier situaci\u00f3n excepto cuando est\u00e9n en contacto con alguien que definitivamente sea sintom\u00e1tico. <\/strong>Esto implica que aquellos que muestran s\u00edntomas no salgan, y si fuera necesario hacerlo, que usen un tapabocas de grado cl\u00ednico. <strong>Para el p\u00fablico en general que est\u00e1 en buenas condiciones de salud, las pruebas indican que los tapabocas no son de real beneficio y que los perjuicios por usarlos superan con creces cualquier beneficio cl\u00ednico.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La promoci\u00f3n en los medios de comunicaci\u00f3n que las personas asintom\u00e1ticas \u2013 que no lo saben \u2013 y que pueden ser grandes \u2018esparcidores\u2019<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_28');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_34241_1('footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_28');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_28\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">28)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_28\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">D. Shukman (30 May 2020), BBC News, Coronavirus: The mystery of asymptomatic \u2018silent spreaders\u2019 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/uk-52840763\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/uk-52840763<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_28').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_34241_1_28', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> ha creado gran temor. M\u00e1s y m\u00e1s personas est\u00e1n usando tapabocas cada vez que salen al aire libre en todas las circunstancias. Ellos est\u00e1n poniendo su propia salud mental y f\u00edsica en riesgo al hacerlo. Los pol\u00edticos no pueden conocer las pruebas de modo que es aconsejable compartir con ellos esta informaci\u00f3n. Los pol\u00edticos toman sus decisiones por consejo y si ese consejo es m\u00e1s con intenci\u00f3n pol\u00edtica que l\u00f3gica, ahora existe una oportunidad de informar a los pol\u00edticos de las pruebas y para que ellos presionen a sus gobernantes a reformar estas <strong>regulaciones perjudiciales que est\u00e1n siendo impuestas sobre las personas saludables en forma completamente innecesaria.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-34128 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturalscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/AdobeStock_386729909-300x200.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturalscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/AdobeStock_386729909-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturalscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/AdobeStock_386729909-1024x683.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturalscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/AdobeStock_386729909-768x512.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturalscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/AdobeStock_386729909-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/www.naturalscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/AdobeStock_386729909-2048x1365.jpeg 2048w, https:\/\/www.naturalscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/AdobeStock_386729909-164x109.jpeg 164w, https:\/\/www.naturalscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/AdobeStock_386729909-400x267.jpeg 400w, https:\/\/www.naturalscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/AdobeStock_386729909-500x333.jpeg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_34241_1();\">References<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_34241_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_34241_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_34241_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">References<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_34241_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_1');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_1\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">D. Chu et al. (2020) Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis, The Lancet, VOLUME 395, ISSUE 10242, P1973-1987, JUNE 27, 2020, DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31142-9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31142-9<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_34241_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_2');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_2\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">World Health Organisation (5 June 2020), Advice on the use of masks in the context of COVID-19,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/advice-on-the-use-of-masks-in-the-community-during-home-care-and-in-healthcare-settings-in-the-context-of-the-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)-outbreak\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/advice-on-the-use-of-masks-in-the-community-during-home-care-and-in-healthcare-settings-in-the-context-of-the-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)-outbreak<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi\" ><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_3\" class=\"footnote_backlink\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_34241_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_3');\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3,<\/a> <a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_7\" class=\"footnote_backlink\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_34241_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_7');\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">World Health Organisation (5 June 2020), Advice on the use of masks in the context of COVID-19, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/advice-on-the-use-of-masks-in-the-community-during-home-care-and-in-healthcare-settings-in-the-context-of-the-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)-outbreak\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/advice-on-the-use-of-masks-in-the-community-during-home-care-and-in-healthcare-settings-in-the-context-of-the-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)-outbreak<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_34241_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_4');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_4\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><em>The Independent<\/em>, Coronavirus: Face masks could increase risk of infection, medical chief warns, 12 March 2020 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/health\/coronavirus-news-face-masks-increase-risk-infection-doctor-jenny-harries-a9396811.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/health\/coronavirus-news-face-masks-increase-risk-infection-doctor-jenny-harries-a9396811.html<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_34241_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_5');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_5\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Bundgaard H. et al. (18 Nov 2020), Effectiveness of Adding a Mask Recommendation to Other Public Health Measures to Prevent SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Danish Mask Wearers, <em>Annals of Internal Medicine<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M20-6817\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M20-6817<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi\" ><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_6\" class=\"footnote_backlink\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_34241_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_6');\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6,<\/a> <a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_11\" class=\"footnote_backlink\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_34241_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_11');\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>11<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Jefferson, T., Jones, M., Al Ansari, L.A., Bawazeer, G., Beller, E., Clark, et al., 2020. Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses. Part 1 &#8211; Face masks, eye protection and person distancing: systematic review and meta-analysis. MedRxiv. [preprint]. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.03.30.20047217v2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.03.30.20047217v2<\/span><\/a>, accessed 4 June 2020<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_34241_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_8');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_8\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Zamora JE, Murdoch J, Simchison B, Day AG. Contamination: a comparison of 2 personal protective systems. CMAJ. 2006;175(3):249-54.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_34241_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_9');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_9\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Kwon JH, Burnham CD, Reske KA, Liang SY, Hink T, Wallace MA, et al. Assessment of Healthcare Worker Protocol Deviations and Self-Contamination During Personal Protective Equipment Donning and Doffing. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2017;38(9):1077-83.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_34241_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_10');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_10\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>10<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Al Badri F. Surgical mask contact dermatitis and epidemiology of contact dermatitis in healthcare workers. Current Allergy &amp; Clinical Immunology, 30,3: 183 &#8211; 188. 2017.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_34241_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_12');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_12\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>12<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Matusiak L, Szepietowska M, Krajewski P, Bialynicki-Birula R, Szepietowski JC. Inconveniences due to the use of face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic: a survey study of 876 young people. <em>Dermatol Ther.<\/em> 2020.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi\" ><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_13\" class=\"footnote_backlink\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_34241_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_13');\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>13,<\/a> <a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_14\" class=\"footnote_backlink\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_34241_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_14');\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>14<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">M. Gao et al. 2020. A study on infectivity of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers, <em>Respir Med.<\/em> 2020 Aug; 169: 106026 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7219423\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7219423\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_34241_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_15');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_15\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>15<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">L. Luo et al. (2020) Modes of contact and risk of transmission in COVID-19 among close contacts, <em>medRxiv<\/em>, doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.03.24.20042606\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.03.24.20042606<\/span><\/a> (preprint) <\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_34241_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_16');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_16\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>16<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Park S, Kim Y, Yi S, Lee S, Na B, Kim C, et al. Coronavirus Disease Outbreak in Call Center, South Korea. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020;26(8):1666-1670. <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2608.201274\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2608.201274<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_34241_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_17');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_17\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>17<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">O. Byambasuren et al. (2020) Estimating the extent of asymptomatic COVID-19 and its potential for community transmission: systematic review and meta-analysis, <em>medRxiv<\/em> doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.05.10.20097543\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.05.10.20097543<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_34241_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_18');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_18\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>18<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Toru Abo, The Only Two Causes of All Diseases, Babel Corporation (8 April 2013) <\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_34241_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_19');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_19\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>19<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Adebayo Folorunsho-Francis (17 May 2020), Wearing face masks exposes asthmatics to hypoxia \u2014 Physicians, <em>The Punch<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.msn.com\/en-xl\/news\/other\/wearing-face-masks-exposes-asthmatics-to-hypoxia-physicians\/ar-BB14bVrt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.msn.com\/en-xl\/news\/other\/wearing-face-masks-exposes-asthmatics-to-hypoxia-physicians\/ar-BB14bVrt<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_34241_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_20');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_20\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>20<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Matuschek C. et al (2020) Face masks: benefits and risks during the COVID-19 crisis, European Journal of Medical Research 25 (32), <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40001-020-00430-5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40001-020-00430-5<\/span><\/a>. The evidence on hypercapnia is weak especially since COVID-19, unless you suffer from a pulmonary problem such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Wearing a face mask with COPD can result in hypercapnia.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_34241_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_21');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_21\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>21<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Children\u2019s Minnesota, Breathing tips and mindfulness while wearing a mask <a href=\"https:\/\/www.childrensmn.org\/2020\/07\/15\/breathing-tips-while-wearing-mask\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.childrensmn.org\/2020\/07\/15\/breathing-tips-while-wearing-mask\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_34241_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_22');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_22\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>22<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Jefferson, Y. (2010), Mouth breathing: adverse effects on facial growth, health, academics, and behaviour, Gen Dent, Jan-Feb 2010;58(1):18-25; quiz 26-7, 79-80.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_34241_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_23');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_23\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>23<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Prousa, D. (2020). Study on psychological and psycho-vegetative complaints with the current mouth and nose protection regulations. PsychArchives. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23668\/PSYCHARCHIVES.3135\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23668\/PSYCHARCHIVES.3135<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_34241_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_24');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_24\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>24<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">M. Cooper (1999), AN EMPIRICAL AND THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION INTO THE<br \/>\nPSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF WEARING A MASK, PhD Thesis, <a href=\"https:\/\/strathprints.strath.ac.uk\/43402\/1\/1999_PhD_thesis_public.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/strathprints.strath.ac.uk\/43402\/1\/1999_PhD_thesis_public.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_34241_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_25');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_25\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>25<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Carbon, C-C. (2020), Wearing face masks strongly confuses counterparts in reading emotions, PsyArXiv Preprints <a href=\"https:\/\/psyarxiv.com\/x3uh6\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/psyarxiv.com\/x3uh6\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_34241_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_26');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_26\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>26<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">bin-Reza et al, (2012), The use of masks and respirators to prevent transmission of influenza: a systematic review of the scientific evidence, Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2012 Jul; 6(4): 257\u2013267, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5779801\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5779801\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_34241_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_27');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_27\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>27<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Desai, A, and Mehrotra, P. (2020), Medical Masks, JAMA. 2020;323(15):1517-1518. doi:10.1001\/jama.2020.2331,<a href=\"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/fullarticle\/2762694\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/fullarticle\/2762694<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_34241_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_34241_1_28');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_34241_1_28\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>28<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">D. Shukman (30 May 2020), BBC News, Coronavirus: The mystery of asymptomatic \u2018silent spreaders\u2019 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/uk-52840763\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/uk-52840763<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_34241_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_34241_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_34241_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_34241_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_34241_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_34241_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_34241_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_34241_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_34241_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_34241_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_34241_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_34241_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } } function footnote_moveToAnchor_34241_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_34241_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Muchos pa\u00edses han convertido en ley que en ciertos entornos, tales como el transporte p\u00fablico, las personas deben usar tapabocas para protegerse contra el nuevo coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2.&nbsp;\u00bfCu\u00e1n ben\u00e9fico es esto para protegerte?&nbsp;\u00bfExisten riesgos para la salud al hacerlo? En un estudio financiado por la Organizaci\u00f3n Mundial de la Salud (OMS) publicado en The Lancet, se [&hellip;]","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[520,173],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34241","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-coronavirus","category-salud","wpautop"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Los Riesgos de los Tapabocas o Mascarillas para la Salud - The World Foundation for Natural Science<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.naturalscience.org\/es\/news\/2020\/12\/los-riesgos-de-los-tapabocas-o-mascarillas-para-la-salud\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Monika Waldmann\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tiempo de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"18 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.naturalscience.org\\\/es\\\/news\\\/2020\\\/12\\\/los-riesgos-de-los-tapabocas-o-mascarillas-para-la-salud\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.naturalscience.org\\\/es\\\/news\\\/2020\\\/12\\\/los-riesgos-de-los-tapabocas-o-mascarillas-para-la-salud\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Monika Waldmann\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.naturalscience.org\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/f3e16bb7057b29f8593016bf70a42022\"},\"headline\":\"Los Riesgos de los Tapabocas o Mascarillas para la Salud\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-12-21T14:52:36+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-11-09T10:49:46+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.naturalscience.org\\\/es\\\/news\\\/2020\\\/12\\\/los-riesgos-de-los-tapabocas-o-mascarillas-para-la-salud\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":3536,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.naturalscience.org\\\/es\\\/news\\\/2020\\\/12\\\/los-riesgos-de-los-tapabocas-o-mascarillas-para-la-salud\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.naturalscience.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/12\\\/AdobeStock_330696585-300x200.jpeg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Coronavirus\",\"Salud\"],\"inLanguage\":\"es\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.naturalscience.org\\\/es\\\/news\\\/2020\\\/12\\\/los-riesgos-de-los-tapabocas-o-mascarillas-para-la-salud\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.naturalscience.org\\\/es\\\/news\\\/2020\\\/12\\\/los-riesgos-de-los-tapabocas-o-mascarillas-para-la-salud\\\/\",\"name\":\"Los Riesgos de los Tapabocas o Mascarillas para la Salud - 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